现代国际法背景下的单边制裁

Daria Egorovna Aleksandrova
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引用次数: 1

摘要

作者讨论了适用制裁的现代国际法律框架。作者主要关注以下问题:《联合国宪章》背景下的国际和区域制裁,对制裁制度的限制,人道主义法中的制裁,单方面经济制裁的合法性。这项工作的方法基础是一种系统的办法,这种办法可以把制裁视为现代国际法律制度的一部分。研究结果显示,在现有国际法律体系的框架内,只有联合国安理会被授权实施制裁,以确保全球和平与安全。与其他国际机构的决定和成员国根据国际条约承担的义务相比,联合国安理会关于实施限制性措施问题的决议占主导地位。实施区域制裁的合法性受到区域组织章程的限制。这项研究的新颖之处在于全面审议了单方面制裁违反国际法的原因。单方面的经济限制违反了世贸组织的自由贸易体制和作为关贸总协定基础的非歧视原则。这违反了主权平等的基本原则和不干涉别国内政的原则。由于某些国家实施经济制裁,显示出域外管辖权,这为国际法创造了一个危险的先例。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unilateral Sanctions in the Context of Modern International Law
The author discusses the modern international legal framework governing the application of sanctions. The author focuses on the following issues: international and regional sanctions in the context of the UN Charter, restrictions on sanctions regimes, sanctions in humanitarian law, the legitimacy of unilateral economic sanctions. The methodological base of this work is a systematic approach, which allows to consider sanctions as part of the modern international legal system. As a result of the study, it was revealed that within the framework of the existing international legal system, only the UN Security Council is authorized to impose sanctions in order to ensure global peace and security. The resolutions of the UN Security Council on the issue of the application of restrictive measures are dominant in comparison with the decisions of other international bodies and the obligations of member countries under international treaties. The legitimacy of applying regional sanctions is limited by the statutes of regional organizations. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive consideration of the reasons why unilateral sanctions are a violation of international law. Unilateral economic restrictions violate the free trade regime of the WTO and the principle of non-discrimination that underpins the GATT. They represent a violation of the fundamental principles of sovereign equality, as well as the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. As a result of the application of economic sanctions by certain states, extraterritorial jurisdiction is manifested, which creates a dangerous precedent for international law.
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