Bilingualism: A Catalyst for Social Cohesion in the Context of Decentralization: Stakes and Challenges

Bilingualism represents one of the assets of the Republic of Cameroon as enshrined on the preamble of the constitution. Article 1(2) of the Cameroon constitution affirms that the Republic of Cameroon shall be a decentralized unitary state, one and indivisible, secular, democratic and dedicated to social service [1]. The people have been empowered through Local and Regional councils to take part in their development with competencies being transferred to local entities. Cameroonians therefore will be able to work, teach, study, live or do business in any region of the country as long as they can express themselves or understand the second official language. With over 250 indigenous languages and ethnic groups in Cameroon [2], knowledge of French and English, a colonial heritage, serve as a social cement to bring citizens together. With the current advancement in technology and globalization, global education as well as job opportunities require the possession of transversal skills among which is communication skill. With the creation of the National Commission on Bilingualism and Multiculturalism aimed at fostering peace, justice and social cohesion, it is clear that the Government understands the role of bilingualism in the strife for a peaceful and harmonious nation. The Circular letter no. 23/22/MINESEC/IGP/IP-BIL of 28th January 2022 by the Minister of Secondary Education on instructions for preparation of National Week of Bilingualism presented the theme of 2022 bilingualism week as “Bilingualism: A Catalyst for Social Cohesion in the Context of Decentralization.” This paper therefore drawing inspiration from this theme, examines the role of bilingualism in promoting social cohesion in the context of decentralization. It also presents some challenges plaguing the promotion of bilingualism in Cameroon and ends by proposing a way forward.