Covid-19后的建筑环境:建筑和城镇规划

A. Verma, Sanan Verma
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摘要

根据世卫组织的数据,截至2020年7月底,全球共有16301735例COVID-19阳性病例,65068人死亡。如此巨大的数字表明了大规模的破坏。虽然世界上有许多建筑环境的设计传统,但所有当代城市的起源都可以概括为与工业城市的后果相矛盾的社区混战,如火灾、流行病、灾害和环境肮脏等。具有健康城市建筑环境的包容性城市发展成为减少这些失败的一种方式。密集的城市地区使人口容易受到流行病和灾难的影响,但随着时间的推移,城市也学会了如何将威胁降到最低。这可以是在设计时安排健康和卫生规范,安全法规,健康敏感的公共场所规划和环境保护。城市易受影响,因为我们削弱了它们预测、准备和应对灾害和流行病的能力。他们易受影响,不是因为他们的集体密度高,而是因为他们的生活环境、设施、收入和准入极不适合。在设计新冠肺炎疫情后的建筑环境时,我们需要评估现有做法。传统的土地使用和基础设施扩张必须为更全面的设计提供一个地方,优先考虑健康、公平、就业和环境。城市地区的规划和设计必须能够经受住流行病和灾害的影响。建筑师将不得不改造现有的结构,以提供更多的通风和自然光,并减少空调的使用。在今后的城市规划和发展计划中,规划人员和国家需要优先考虑将卫生部门纳入其中。建筑商们将不得不从身体健康的角度重新考虑建造摩天大楼的问题。任何城市规划都必须具有包容性,为在危机时期面临极端压力的穷人、弱者和移民阶层提供健康的住宿。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Post Covid-19 built environment: Architecture and town planning
Globally, at the end of July 2020, 16,301,735 positive cases of COVID-19, with 650,068 deaths, as shown by WHO. Such huge numbers are an indication of large scale devastation. Although there are numerous traditions of designing built environments in the world, the origins of all contemporary cities can be outlined to community scuffles in contradiction of the consequences of the industrialist city such as Fire, Pandemics, Disasters and Environmental Squalor etc. Inclusive city development with a healthy urban built environment emerged as a way to minimize these failures. Dense urban areas made population exposed to pandemic and disaster, but cities have also learned with time how to minimize threats. This could be in the arrangement of health and sanitary codes while designing, safety regulations, health sensitive public place planning, and environmental conservation. Cities are susceptible as we have deteriorated their capability to anticipate, prepare and respond to disasters and pandemics. They are susceptible, not because they are having high collective densities, but because they are extremely unfit for living settings, facilities, income and admittance. For designing the post-COVID-19 built environments, we need to evaluate the existing practices. The traditional land use and infrastructure expansion must produce a place for a more comprehensive design that prioritizes health, equity, employment and environment. Urban areas will have to be planned and designed to survive the effects of pandemics and calamities. Architects will have to reform existing structures to provide for more ventilation and natural light and reduce the use of air conditioners. Planners in practice and the state need to think about the integration of the health sector on a priority basis in upcoming city plans and development schemes. Builders will have to reconsider raising huge skyscrapers with respect to physical wellbeing. Any city plan will have to be inclusive with healthy accommodation for the poor, the weak and the migrant strata who are exposed to extreme stress during crisis time.
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