Implementation of the Description Structure Based on Spoken and Written Statements of Hearing Impaired Persons

In addition to limiting the perception of sound stimuli, hearing impairment can affect human functioning in various spheres of life: physical, mental, social, as well as the development of communication and, above all, language skills. The results of scientific research briefly presented in the introductory part of this article report on the different severity of these difficulties. Then, on the basis of the literature on the subject, the rules of creating spoken and written texts are discussed. In the following part, the characteristic features of narrative forms of expression are listed, especially the description, which is significantly different from the story. Next, the results of our own research on the ability to structure the description based on the oral and written statements of 12 students with different degrees of hearing loss are presented. Based on the collected material, it was noticed that written texts of people with hearing disabilities are more thoughtful, more complex and fuller in composition, although they also contain stylistic and linguistic errors. A significant number of people also used sentences in written statements, which clearly constitute the end and summary of the description. Spoken texts are short and economic in nature, with the most noticeable elements/ parts of an illustration or a characteristic feature of a person’s appearance being listed. There are also fewer texts in which the emotions of travelers are noticed and described. Single sentences and extended single sentences prevail. Moreover, features characteristic for spoken language are present as well. There are also some difficulties in building a compositionally and logically correct statement.