在Ternopil地区首次发现麻螺(Cepaea nemoralis,腹足纲,螺旋科)及其群落表型组成的特异性

N. Gural-Sverlova, Orest Lyzhechka
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在乌克兰的Ternopil地区,首次发现了一种具有多态壳颜色的陆地软体动物Cepaea nemoralis。该物种的幼崽早在2017年就在Chortkiv被观察到,但直到2020年才确定了它们的确切物种归属,确认了一个已建立的种群的存在,并分析了其表型组成的特殊性。将获得的数据与2019-2020年在乌克兰西部(利沃夫及其周边地区,伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克地区的博霍罗德恰尼)发现并在先前出版物中描述的其他林林蜗牛群落进行了比较。在Chortkiv收集的大部分贝壳材料都存放在利沃夫的乌克兰国家科学院国家自然历史博物馆的贝壳学收藏中。在Chortkiv的C. nemoralis种群中,发现了一种遗传特征,这种遗传特征在林螺的自然分布范围内偶尔发生,但尚未在乌克兰登记。这一特征表现在外壳上深色螺旋带的色素沉着不均匀,其上较浅和较深的碎片交替出现,可造成斑点状、间断状带的印象。在分析的样品中,这种带状带有25.6%的带状壳,在黄色(41.2%)中出现的频率是粉红色(18.5%)的两倍。这与已知的有关这一性状与蛋壳底色的遗传关系的数据非常吻合。然而,有融合带的贝壳,不管它们的底色如何,几乎总是有正常的色素带,整个长度都是深色的。在一些条带不均匀的个体中,还观察到第四或第五条带分裂成2-3个狭窄的纵向条带。与其他已知的乌克兰西部线虫群落相比,Chortkiv线虫群落的另一个特征是,所有较轻的外壳颜色变体(无条带的黄色和粉红色或只有一条中心带)的频率非常低,而具有3条较低条带的表型比例非常高(49.6%)。在Chortkiv, C. nemoralis外壳颜色的主要变异比例在乌克兰西部并不典型,这使得该发现的菌落成为研究其表型组成潜在适应性变化的有价值的对象。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
First record of the grove snail Cepaea nemoralis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) in Ternopil region and specificity of the phenotypic composition of the found colony
The first finding of Cepaea nemoralis, an introduced species of land molluscs with polymorphic shell colouration, in the Ternopil region of Ukraine is described. Juveniles of this species were observed in Chortkiv already in 2017, but only in 2020 their exact species affiliation was identified, the presence of an established colony was confirmed and the peculiarities of its phenotypic composition were analyzed. The obtained data were compared with other colonies of the grove snail, which were found in Western Ukraine (Lviv and its environs, Bohorodchany in Ivano-Frankivsk region) in 2019-2020 and described in previous publications. Most of the conchological material collected in Chortkiv is deposited in the malacological collection of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Lviv. In the Chortkiv colony of C. nemoralis, a hereditary trait was found, which occurs sporadically in the natural range of the grove snail, but has not yet been registered in Ukraine. This feature is manifested in the uneven pigmentation of dark spiral bands on the shell, the alternation of lighter and darker fragments on them, which can create the impression of spotted, interrupted bands. In the analyzed sample, such bands had 25.6% of banded shells, and they occurred twice as often in yellow (41.2%) than in pink (18.5%) shells. This agrees well with the known data on the linked inheritance of this trait and the ground colour of the shell. However, the shells with fused bands, regardless of their ground colour, almost always had normally pigmented bands, dark along their entire length. In some individuals with unevenly pigmented bands, the splitting of the fourth or fifth band into 2-3 narrow longitudinal bands was also observed. Another feature of the Chortkiv colony of C. nemoralis compared to other known Western Ukrainian colonies of this species is the very low frequencies of all lighter variants of the shell colouration (yellow and pink unbanded or with one central band) and a very high proportion of phenotypes with 3 lower bands (49.6%). The ratio of the main variants of the shell colouration of C. nemoralis in Chortkiv, which is not typical for Western Ukraine, makes the found colony a valuable object for studying potential adaptive changes in its phenotypic composition in the future.
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