J. Clements
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摘要

葡萄牙的殖民事业产生了无数持久的后果,其中最重要的是语言。非洲和亚洲的许多克里奥尔语都是葡萄牙殖民时期的产物。要讨论的在非洲发展的克里奥尔人属于两个亚群:上几内亚克里奥尔人(佛得角,几内亚比绍克里奥尔人,卡萨芒斯克里奥尔人)和几内亚湾克里奥尔人(圣多姆,安哥拉,普林西彭斯,Fa d 'Ambô)。在亚洲葡萄牙克里奥尔语中,基于共同的语言特征,可以区分出三个亚群:北印度群体(Diu, Daman, Korlai),他们保留了一些来自葡萄牙语的言语形态,并区分了代词系统中的主宾格和非正式正式形式;斯里兰卡克里奥尔语,保留较少的葡萄牙语词法,但在代词系统中区分主宾格和非正式正式形式;东亚语组(papi Kristang, Makista),如果有的话,几乎没有保留葡萄牙语的言语形态,并且在代词系统中没有非正式-正式或主宾格的区别。尽管存在这些差异,所有的克里奥尔人在很大程度上都有一个共同的词汇,并在不同程度上分享葡萄牙文化的各个方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Portuguese-Lexified Creoles
The Portuguese colonial enterprise has had myriad and long-lasting consequences, not the least of which involves language. The many Portuguese-lexified creole languages in Africa and Asia are the product of Portugal’s colonial past. The creoles to be discussed that developed in Africa belong to two subgroups: the Upper Guinea Creoles (Cape Verdean, Guiné Bissau Creole, Casamance Creole) and the Gulf of Guinea Creoles (Santome, Angolar, Principense, Fa d’Ambô). Among the Asian Portuguese creoles, three subgroups are distinguishable, based on shared linguistic traits: the northern Indian group (Diu, Daman, Korlai), which retains some verbal morphology from Portuguese and distinguishes the subject/object case and informal-formal forms in the pronominal systems; Sri Lanka Creole, which retains less Portuguese verbal morphology but distinguishes the subject/object case and informal-formal forms in the pronominal system; and the East Asian group (Papiá Kristang, Makista), which retains very little, if any, Portuguese verbal morphology and has no informal-formal or subject/object case distinctions in the pronominal systems. Despite these differences, all creoles share a common lexicon, to a large extent, and, to varying degrees, aspects of Portuguese culture.
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