解读非洲社会经济、文化和宗教习俗中的性别差异

T. Odusanya, O. Fayomi, Alaba Ogunsanwo
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摘要

从人口统计上看,非洲一半以上的人口是妇女。然而,关于性别的不平等仍然是当代问题的核心,特别是在非洲。几十年来,妇女长期以来一直被排除在社会经济、文化和宗教的领导地位和参与之外。因此,性别差异似乎深深植根于非洲的社会经济、文化和宗教习俗中。尽管赞成反对性别不平等的各种国家和国际立法,但妇女在治理方面的边缘化仍然存在很大的空白。本研究运用历史分析评价和社会角色理论框架对性别差异进行了阐释。这进一步结合了解释性和探索性质的研究设计。这对于理解性别差异的众多驱动因素以及社会性别角色和规范、婚姻的普遍剥削性质、文化遗产、政治和宗教在非洲背景下与西方世界相比是有效的。本文还发现,尽管女性的智力能力与男性相当,但在包括民主社会在内的人类文明的各个阶层,对女性的排斥仍然很明显。研究发现,一些关键因素,如经济障碍、缺乏或不充分的教育以及宗教信仰,助长了非洲的性别差异。本研究建议对宗法教育和课程进行彻底改革,对宗教书籍的分析和研究必须符合转变后的社会现实。此外,在征聘合格的男子和妇女参与管理的过程中,必须证明平等。该文件的结论是,必须改革顽固和野蛮的文化定型观念和宗教习俗,同时考虑到性别平等。一个标准的转变是必要的,尤其是女性自己,以确保女性既开明又有权力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DECIPHERING GENDER DISPARITIES IN SOCIOECONOMIC CUM CULTURAL, AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN AFRICA
Demographically, more than half of the African population are women. Nevertheless, disparities in allusion to gender lingers at the apex of contemporary issues, especially in Africa. For several decades, women have been longstanding and continuously sidelined from the socioeconomic, cultural, and religious leadership positions and participation. Gender disparities, therefore, seem to be deeply embedded in socioeconomic, cultural, and religious practices in Africa. Despite the multifarious national and international legislations endorsed against gender disparities, there remains a great lacuna of women’s marginalization in governance. The study illuminated the gender disparities with the aid of historical and analytical evaluation as well as the social role theoretical framework. This was further combined with the explanatory and exploratory qualitative research design. This was effective in understanding the numerous drivers for gender disparities as well as the social gender roles and norms, the general exploitative nature of marriage, cultural legacies, politics, and religion in the African context vis a vis western world. This paper also discovered that although women are as intellectually capable as men, ostracism of women remains evident across diverse echelons of human civilization including democratic societies. The research found that some critical factors such as economic impediments, lack of or inadequate education, and religious belief, foster gender disparities in Africa. This research recommended an overhaul of the patriarchal education and curriculum, the analysis and study of religious books must be in accordance with the transformed sociological realities. Moreover, equality must be evidenced in the recruitment process of qualified men and women in governance. The paper concluded that the inflexible and barbaric cultural stereotypes and religious practices be reformed with consideration to gender parity. A standard shift is essential especially by women themselves, to ensure that women are both enlightened and empowered.
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