Measurement of three-dimensional surface deformation of the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i

We construct a 3-D surface displacement map for the March 5-9, 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, by integration of multitemporal InSAR and multiple aperture interferometry (MAI) measurements from the COSMO-SkyMed SAR system. It was the first attempt to measure along-track displacements by X-band data. In spite of the potential risk of decorrelation by their short-wavelength signal, the high temporal resolution of COSMO-SkyMed provides the opportunity to map the precise 3-D displacement maps effectively. To assess the measurement accuracies of the untested data, a comparison with GPS data has been carried out for multi-stacked MAI interferogram and the 3-D components of surface deformation. Root-mean-square errors of 0.99, 0.80, and 0.65 cm for the east, north, and up components, respectively, support the suitability and effectiveness of COSMO-SkyMed for the 3-D observation.