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The main attention in the article is paid to the theoretical system stated in the article of the Lithuanian modernist composer Oswaldas Balakauskas (b. 1937) “ Dodekatonics ” ( “ Dodekatonika ” , 1997). On the basis of this system, the author reveals the method of conceptualization of the composer ’ s creative process, individualization of the system of means of expression and aesthetic attitudes. The article also explores the connection of the main theses of Balakauskas’ “Dodekatonics” with different theoretical traditions, as well as with other musical-theoretical systems of the 20th century, discusses the individualization of the twelve-tone technique and the implementation of the principles of dodecatonics in Balakauskas’ works on the example of the analysis of his Symphony No. 2 (1997). “Dodekatonics” of Balakauskas is considered in the context of the introduction of "formalist" modernist tendencies into the musical practice of Lithuania and the USSR in the period of the 1970s – 2000s, as well as the renewal of composing systems and the development of new ones.