A Multi-Physics Simulation Approach to Predict Shape Morphing of Flexible Devices in Magnetic Field

This paper develops an approach for general multiphysics finite element simulations of multifunctional hydrogels. Herein, a magneto-thermal-mechanical coupled model is presented. Negative thermal expansion coefficient which can simulate the swelling behavior of hydrogel is introduced into the model. By constructing the free energy function of hydrogel, the deformation as a function of temperature obtained from the PNIPAM-water solution can be used to analyze and predict shape morphing associated with PNIPAM hydrogel. Based on multiphysics simulation platform, the basic parameters affecting the shape morphing of the bilayer hydrogel are investigated. Additionally, the multi-physics coupling analysis of flexible devices is carried out. The simulation results are close to similar reported experimental results. The present multi-physics approach may provide a guidance to design the magnetic hydrogel in alternative magnetic field.