Spatial gestures using a tactile-proprioceptive display

Proprioception --the human ability to sense the orientation of limbs without vision or hearing-- is one of the main drivers of motor operations and plays a significant role in input modalities such as touch and gestures. As an output modality proprioception has remained largely unexplored --though it can convey information to a user using their own body. Spatial interaction requires users to visually acquire the location of an object, which can then be manipulated using a touch or gesture. This is challenging if you are unable to see or in mobile contexts where the use of a display may be undesirable. This paper evaluates a tactile-proprioceptive display for eye and ear free 2D target acquisition and spatial interaction.