湿气候条件下干尾砂沉降中能量与保水的平衡

J. Kruyswijk
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在过去的二十年里,采矿业对“干”尾矿越来越感兴趣。几位作者已经描述了提高的水采收率和潜在的运营成本效益。与传统的尾矿处理相比,提高脱水水平可以提高保水能力,而不会对运营成本产生重大影响。干尾砂沉降是指尾砂沉降过程中不释放游离水的一种方法。最终,干尾矿分为膏体尾矿和过滤尾矿两种。膏体尾矿脱水至最大饱和密度,过滤后尾矿机械脱水至非饱和状态。饱和、松散、收缩的尾矿易液化;大多数灾难性尾矿储库(TSF)失效的主要失效模式。因此,压实良好的尾矿被越来越多地用于风险控制。长期稳定的前提是过滤后的尾矿在一段时间内保持不饱和状态,处于致密状态。在潮湿或季节性潮湿的条件下可能无法满足此条件。当尾矿可能发生饱和时,TSF设计必须对所储存的尾矿进行充分的排水和密封。在这些条件下,膏体和过滤后的尾矿之间的关键区别是大约10%的额外水回收率。提高水回收率的代价是电力和燃料消耗的显著增加。如果在后两种能源上增加的开支被再生水的价值所抵消,那么考虑使用过滤后的尾矿可能是合理的。从可持续性的角度来看,在选择首选的干尾矿沉积方法时,也必须考虑到增加的CO 2排放量。在本文中,证明了在给定的应用中,能源消耗、保水和二氧化碳排放之间的平衡有利于膏体尾矿沉积。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The balance between energy and water preservation in the deposition of dry tailings in wet climates
In the past two decades, the mining industry has become more interested in ‘dry’ tailings. The improved water recovery and potential operational cost benefits have been described by several authors. Compared with conventional tailings disposal, increasing the level of dewatering improves water preservation without having a major impact on operational costs. Dry tailings deposition is a method whereby in the deposition of the tailings, no free water is released. Ultimately, there are two varieties of dry tailings: paste tailings and filtered tailings. Paste tailings are dewatered to the maximum saturated density, whereas filtered tailings are mechanically dewatered to an unsaturated state. Saturated, loose, contractant tailings are susceptible to liquefaction; the primary mode of failure in most catastrophic tailings storage facility (TSF) failures. Consequently, well-compacted filtered tailings are increasingly considered for risk control. The prerequisite for long-term stability is that the filtered tailings remain unsaturated over time and are in a dense state. This condition may not be met in wet or seasonally wet conditions. When saturation of the tailings may occur, TSF design must make accommodations for sufficient drainage and containment of the stored tailings. Under these conditions, the key differentiator between paste and filtered tailings is the approximate 10% extra water recovery. The improved water recovery comes at the expense of a significant increase in power and fuel consumption. In circumstances where the increased spend on the latter two energy sources is offset by the value of the reclaimed water, it may be justifiable to consider the application of filtered tailings. From a sustainability point of view, the increased CO 2 emissions will also have to be taken into consideration when selecting the preferred dry tailings deposition method. In this paper, it is demonstrated that in given applications the balance between energy consumption, water preservation, and CO 2 emissions favours paste tailings deposition.
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