战场之外的暴力和犯罪

Jochen Böhler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

第四章提醒读者,所描述的冲突是在已经受到第一次世界大战伤亡和破坏严重影响的领土上进行的。战后的中欧经历了流行病、饥荒和大规模的难民危机。1918年至1921年间,波兰人民为生存而战。与此同时,它受到了本应保护它的人的威胁:它的士兵。波兰军队是从零开始建立的。逃兵、不服从命令和整个部队的叛乱是当时的常态。成群结队的劫掠士兵骚扰平民,杀害了数百名犹太人。虽然边境冲突是国家政策付诸实施,但战场之外的这波准军事暴力是玩世不恭的实用主义(供应短缺)、机会(拥有武器)和心态(“精英”部队对“外来种族”的优越感,尤其是犹太人)的混合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Violence and Crimes Beyond the Battlefields
Chapter 4 reminds the reader that the described conflicts were fought out on territories which had been already heavily affected by the casualties and destructions of the Great War. Postwar Central Europe witnessed epidemics, famine, and a massive refugee crisis. Between 1918 and 1921, Poland’s population was fighting for mere survival. In the meantime, it was menaced by the very men who were meant to protect it: its soldiers. The Polish Army was built from scratch. Desertion, insubordination, and rebellion of whole units was the order of the day. Bands of marauding soldiers harassed the civil population, killing hundreds of Jews. While the border conflicts were state policy put into practice, this wave of paramilitary violence beyond the battlefields was a mixture of cynical pragmatism (shortage of supply), opportunity (possession of arms), and mentality (a sense of superiority of “elite” units towards “ethnic aliens” in general, and Jews in particular).
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