埃塞俄比亚骆驼结核病的流行和经济重要性综述

Duguma Merga Firdisa
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摘要

骆驼结核病是一种慢性疾病,表现为肉芽肿的形成,主要发生在呼吸道和相关淋巴结,分枝杆菌从那里排出并污染其他易感动物。骆驼结核病具有公共卫生影响,特别是在埃塞俄比亚的牧区,因为有食用生牛奶及其产品的习惯的社区以及经常或每天与骆驼接触的社区。在埃塞俄比亚的牧区,骆驼是他们日常生活的支柱,在严酷的环境下,骆驼大多在阿法尔、索马里和奥罗米亚(博雷纳、凯雷尤和古吉)饲养。骆驼对国家的经济发展有很大的贡献。畜牧社会利用骆驼的产品,如牛奶和肉,并将骆驼用于各种目的,例如运输,绘图,耕地,节日和比赛(如赛跑)。在埃塞俄比亚的大部分地区,骆驼奶被认为是治疗胃炎、哮喘、胃部不适、艾滋病毒、肺结核、发烧、泌尿系统问题和肝炎的一种方法。在重大疾病中,结核病是影响骆驼健康的主要疾病之一,具有人畜共患的影响。除此之外,致病因子通过空气传播途径从畜群中有活动性病例的动物传播给人类。据报告,该国牧区若干地区的感染基本上依赖于结核菌素试验和屠宰场检查。因此,应重视家畜结核病的控制;关于该病的人畜共患病重要性的公共卫生教育或提高认识以及国家结核病控制需要考虑统一的保健办法,并应开展进一步的流行病学研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Review on the prevalence and economic importance of camel tuberculosis in Ethiopia
Camel tuberculosis is a chronic disease, which is portrayed by the development of granulomas, essentially in the respiratory tract and related lymph nodes, from which the mycobacteria are discharged and contaminate other susceptible animals. Camel tuberculosis has public health implications, especially in pastoral areas of Ethiopia due to the communities having the habit of consuming raw milk and its products and those who do have consistent or day-to-day contact with their camels. In the pastoral areas of Ethiopia, the camel is the spine of their everyday life and extraordinarily adjusted to cruel conditions camels are for the most part raised in Afar, Somali, and Oromia (Borena, Kereyu and Guji). Camels have a high contribution to the economic development of the country. The pastoral community utilized camel products, such as milk and meat, and used camels for various purposes for example, for transportation, drafting, ploughing land, festivity and rivalry as in dashing. In most parts of Ethiopia, camel milk is accepted as a treatment for gastritis, asthmatics, stomach inconvenience, HIV, Hamot (kar), tuberculosis, fever, urinary issues and hepatitis. Among significant illnesses, tuberculosis is one of the principles, which influence camel’s Health and has a zoonotic impact. In addition to this, the etiological agents are transmitted to humans through an aerogenous route from those animals with active cases in the herd. The infection has been reported from several parts of pastoral areas of the country essentially dependent on tuberculin tests and abattoir inspections. Therefore, attention should be given to the control of tuberculosis in livestock; public health education on the zoonotic importance of the disease or awareness creation and the national tuberculosis control needs to consider the one health approach and further epidemiological studies should be undertaken.
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