A Study on Energy Efficient Cluster Head Selection Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

In the wireless sensor network (WSN), certain areas are covered by huge amount of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are tiny in size with limited battery power, less processing power, less bandwidth. Wireless sensor networks need to decrease energy consumption in order to increase network lifetime. In last few years it is observed that there is tremendous increase in the usage of WSN’s such as military observations, following, checking and auditing events, calamity management and battle field reconnaissance. Sensor nodes are comprised in these applications that are set up at a far distance from each other in large numbers. These nodes are used to analyze the environment. Clustering includes making groups of sensor nodes and then electing one cluster head from each cluster to assemble data from each node, aggregate the data and then forward the gathered data to the base station. This helps in decreasing the energy of sensor node and save it for further use. Clustering sensors can save energy and hence enhance the lifetime of sensor nodes. Clustering sensors are one of the important methods to enlarge the network lifetime. Hence the selection of cluster head node is becoming more important in order to boost the lifetime of the network and remaining energy level. Honey bee Optimization utilizes a few parameters that are employed over the EDC technique for proficient cluster head determination. This methodology helps in diminishing energy utilization. This strategy works in three phases: Cluster nodes send information to CH, CH sends information specifically to Leader and pioneer sends information to BS. In this survey, a small effort is done to study all algorithms that help in selecting an efficient cluster head that minimizes the energy consumption.