国际移徙与发展差距演变之间的相互依存关系

A. Băcescu-Cărbunaru
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摘要

移民在几乎所有可持续发展目标中都起着重要作用。在80年代和90年代,许多作者就移民对原籍国发展影响的非确定性进行了辩论。移民作为全球化中的一个复杂过程,扩大了国家之间的关系,但它们之间的发展差距却很少缩小,这反过来又阻碍了劳动力迁移。尽管从理论上讲,人们的幸福感有所提高,但实践总是揭示出一种不对称的发展,这种发展导致迁出国和迁入国之间的差异越来越大。世界各国领导人在2000年通过的全球消除贫穷战略没有包括与移徙有关的目标,这可能是因为还没有正确认识到移徙与发展之间的联系。从那时起,研究、政策分析、国际论坛和移徙建议都将重点放在实践决策上,包括努力支持将移徙问题纳入2015年后发展议程。在该数据期间,就如何最适当地利用移徙与发展的联系以最大限度地发挥其积极影响提出了各种想法和建议。2015年,联合国通过了《2030年可持续发展议程》中的17项可持续发展目标。从这些文件开始,移徙对可持续发展的贡献首次得到正式承认。从一开始,汇款就在将移民确定为最重要的发展因素方面发挥了重要作用。我们认为,这种几乎所有国家政策都基于的观点扭曲了发展的概念,掩盖了当前劳动力迁移的主要原因。在这方面,本研究还试图分析决定人类发展的因素(收入、教育和健康)与国际移徙之间的双向关系。管理移民是全球合作中最重要的问题之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Interdependence between international migration and evolution of development gaps
Abstract Migration plays an important role in almost all objectives of sustainable development. In the ‘80s and ‘90s, many authors debated the non-deterministic character of the impact of migration on the development of primarily the countries of origin. Migration as a complex process in globalization has amplified relations between states but there have been very rare reductions in development gaps between them that in turn discourage labour migration. In spite of the increase in well-being based on theory, practice has always revealed an asymmetric development that causes an increase in the differences between emigration and immigration countries. The global strategy for poverty eradication adopted by world leaders in 2000 did not include migration-related targets, probably because the link between migration and development had not yet been properly perceived. Since then, studies, policy analyzes, international forums and migration recommendations have focused on policy-making in practice, including efforts to support migration concerns in the post-2015 development agenda. Various ideas and recommendations were presented during that data on the most appropriate way to use the migration-development link to maximize its positive effects. In 2015 was adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Starting with these documents, the contribution of migration to sustainable development was officially recognized for the first time. From the beginning remittances have played an important role in setting migration as the most important development factor. We sustained that this view, on which allmost all national policies are based, distorts the notion of development and hide the main causes of current labor migration. In this context, this study also attempts to analyze the two-way relation between the factors that determine human development (income, education and health) and international migration. Managing migration is one of the most important issues of global cooperation.
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