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引用次数: 0
摘要
数字理论变换(NTT)在后量子密码算法中起着至关重要的作用,其计算性能直接影响系统的运行速度。本文提出了一种基于流水线架构的高性能NTT硬件架构,以解决NTT硬件实现中计算过程冗长和控制逻辑复杂的挑战。首先,提出递归NTT算法,简化计算过程,便于硬件实现。其次,将有效的流水线分割应用于计算过程,以降低硬件架构的复杂度。最后,采用两级蝶形运算实现蝶形元,并通过移位和加法优化约简计算过程,降低了硬件资源成本。以CRYSTALS-Kyber反量子密码方案为例,在Quartus II (EP2AGZ225FF35C3)上实现了所提出的NTT硬件架构,因为所选择的素数能够满足要求。实验结果表明,该设计在计算性能和硬件开销方面优于其他相关设计。
Hardware Design and Optimization of Polynomial Multiplication for Post-Quantum Cryptography Algorithm Based on NTT
The Number Theoretical Transform (NTT) plays a crucial role in post-quantum cryptography algorithms, with its computational performance directly impacting system operating speed. This article proposes a high-performance NTT hardware architecture based on a pipeline architecture to address the challenges of lengthy computing processes and complex control logic in NTT hardware implementation. Firstly, a recursive NTT is advanced to simplify the calculation process and facilitate hardware implementation. Next, effective pipeline segmentation is applied to the computing process to reduce hardware architecture complexity. Finally, a two-stage butterfly operation is employed to implement butterfly elements, and the reduction calculation process is optimized using shift and addition, resulting in reduced hardware resource costs. The proposed NTT hardware architecture is implemented on Quartus II (EP2AGZ225FF35C3) taking the CRYSTALS-Kyber anti-quantum cryptography scheme as an example, since the selected prime number can meet requirements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design outperforms other related designs in terms of computational performance and hardware overhead.