运用实验进行小学生“水与生命”学科教学的思考

Danguolė Savičienė
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摘要

通常,在备课时,教师依赖于教师版书籍的作者。这些书中有实用的建议,额外的文献来源,事实材料样本等。但是,与此同时,教师被邀请创造性地思考和工作,找到这样的方法和手段,允许提高质量,使学科更有趣,帮助学生获得所需的能力。我想分享我的教学工作经验——在小学“水与生命”科目教学中运用实验的想法。在与学生一起研究这一主题的过程中,我还建议进行其他的实验,在我看来,这是一个非常生动和不寻常的实验,它揭示了水对生物的重要性——唤醒沉睡的“沙漠玫瑰”。实验的目标:在水的帮助下,唤醒从史前冬眠状态、从恐龙时代醒来的植物——鳞叶卷柏。假设出现了:把水倒在植物上会使它变弱,使它吸收水分,变绿,4天后,当植物被放在干燥的地方时,它会再次“睡觉”,会变干,滚成一个球的形状。我确信,学生不仅要能够成功地完成实验,而且还必须被教导能够流利地描述实现结果所需的步骤和使用的技能。换句话说,学生必须能够将信息呈现给其他人。这就是为什么我试图寻找非传统的方法来吸引孩子们参与这些活动。这次我建议为热爱大自然的人组织“惊险新闻”:分角色,拍摄做实验的动作场面,放映给家长和其他小学生看。因为我的学生都是一年级的学生,每一个新的活动都让他们着迷和激励,所以我在这个方向上没有遇到任何困难。在工作的结论中,我可以这样说:在进行实验时,孩子们理解了水对植物的重要性;他们学习科学的研究方法;培养了流利地描述过程,表达自己意见的能力;有良好的认知和沟通能力。关键词:附加文献来源,小学,科研方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE IDEAS FOR APPLYING THE EXPERIMENT FOR TEACHING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SUBJECT “WATER AND LIFE”
Often, when preparing for the lesson, teacher relies on the authors of the teacher edition books. There are practical advices in these books, additional literature sources, factual material samples, etc. But, at the same time, the teacher is invited to think and work creatively, to find such methods and means, which allow to improve quality and make the subject more interesting, to help students acquire desired competencies. I wish to share my pedagogical work experience – the idea of applying the experiment when teaching primary school students subject “Water and life”. In the process of examining this subject with the students, I suggest also to perform other, in my opinion, very graphical and unordinary experiment which exposes water importance to living organism – to waken the sleeping “Desert rose”. The goal of the experiment: with the help of water, to waken from the state of hibernation prehistory, from the age of dinosaurs, plant - Selaginella lepidophylla. The hypothesis is risen: pouring the water onto the plant will weaken it, make it absorb the water, green and after 4 days, when the plant will be placed into dry place – it will “sleep” again, will dry out and roll into the shape of a ball. I am convinced, that students must be able not only successfully perform the experiment, but also have to be taught to fluently describe the steps necessary to achieve the result and what skills to use. In other words, the students have to be able to render the information for other people. This is why I’m trying to find nontraditional methods to intrigue children to participate in such activities. This time I suggested to organize “Thrilling news” for nature lovers: to divide into roles, to film the action scenes about performing experiments and to show the film to parents and other primary school students. Because my pupils are only first graders and every new activity fascinates and motivates them, I had no trouble going this direction. In the conclusion of the work, I can state that: while performing the experiment, the children comprehended the importance of water for the plant; they studied scientific research method; developed the ability to fluently describe the process, to express their opinion; received cognitive and communication skills. Key words: additional literature sources, primary school, scientific research method.
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