Language Testing for Im(migration): In(validity) and Ir(relevance)

Linguistic proficiency has emerged as one of the key conditions for the granting of permission to stay and for naturalization in an increasing number of European as well as non- European countries. A survey in 2002 showed that 4 out of 14 countries (29%) had language conditions for citizenship; the 2007 follow-up survey revealed that five years later this number had grown to 11 out of 18 countries (61%). These tests are often used for a variety of undeclared and covert purposes, other than just 'measuring knowledge'. These 'Language tests' enable governments to use them in the context of immigration, and for the purpose of gate-keeping to regulate and restrict the entry of immigrants. (Spotti and Van Avermaet 2009:14).This article offers a vide range of possible answers, their in(validity) and ir(relevance), social desirability and level of detail required.