EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONWIDE AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEM AND PROBLEMS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF THE USSR

The review article is devoted to the analysis of the experience in developing a project of a Nationwide automated data processing and control system (OGAS), as well as the problems of its implementation in the national economy of the USSR. It is stated that the emergence of the very idea of OGAS and its subsequent development in the form of computable general equilibrium models (CGE models), dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models (DSGE models) and agent-oriented models are associated with the objective complication of socio-economic relations at all levels, the social nature of production, a high degree of labor differentiation and deep specialization of industries, informatization of production, as well as availability of high-performance computing systems and a widespread use of supercomputer technologies for monitoring, forecasting and planning socio-economic indicators of objects and processes of the world economy, which is reflected in the works of domestic and foreign researchers. Research methods. The main methods were literature analysis, generalization, comparison and systematization of empirical and theoretical data. Results. As the analysis of scientific literature showed, it is possible to distinguish two points of view on defining the main reasons that hindered the development of the OGAS project and resulted in its curtailment. The first point of view is based on the narrative of a "missed chance", and the departmental interest is defined as the main factor. According to the second point of view, one should be critical of the position about unrealized opportunities for the development of Soviet cybernetics, computer technology and computer science and the position about the presence of "milestone" solutions, after which this development abruptly stopped, in addition, the narrative of a "missed chance" does not make it possible to objectively assess the conditions in which this or that historical event took place, and shifts all responsibility for the failure in implementation on to specific administrative structures or persons who made the decision at that time. Conclusions. Despite the fact that the idea of developing and implementing OGAS in the national economic activity of the USSR was progressive and the administrative and command form of management contributed to this, there were still no sufficient objective conditions for its full implementation.