Application of Theory of Planned Behavior on Factors Affecting Smoking Behavior among High School Students

Background: Previous studies reported that critical factors that contribute to increasing the risk of smoking among adolescents include peer pressure through siblings' and/or friends' smoking, tobacco industry advertising and easy access to tobacco products and their low prices. This study aimed to examine factors affecting smoking behavior among high school students using theory of planned behavior. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Bantul, Central Java, from April to May 2019. A sample of 200 male adolescents was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was smoking behavior. The independent variables were knowledge, family role, peer role, cigarette price, money pocket, and attitude. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Smoking behavior among male adolescents decreased with good knowledge (b= -3.30; 95% CI= -0.35 to -0.09; p= 0.001), strong family role (b= -3.11; 95% CI= 1.15 to -0.26; p= 0.002), low peer role (b= -3.92; 95% CI= -1.10 to -0.36; p<0.001), high price of cigarette (b= -2.81; 95% CI= -1.10 to -0.19; p= 0.005), low money pocket (b= -3.79; 95% CI= -5.75 to -0.01; p<0.001), and attitude (b= -3.37; 95% CI= -0.15 to 0.05; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Smoking behavior among male adolescents decreases with good knowledge, strong family role, low peer role, high price of cigarette, low money pocket, and attitude.