量化多核架构的线程漏洞

Işıl Öz, H. Topcuoglu, M. Kandemir, Oguz Tosun
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引用次数: 4

摘要

不断缩小晶体管尺寸和现代架构采用的激进的低功耗工作模式往往会增加瞬态错误率。同时,多核机器在各种应用程序领域的体系结构范围中占据主导地位。这两种趋势需要从软件的角度重新审视多线程应用程序应对瞬态错误的弹性。在本文中,我们提出并评估了一个新的度量,称为线程脆弱性因子(TVF)。TVF的一个显著特征是,它对给定线程(通常是多线程应用程序的一个线程)的计算不仅依赖于它的代码,还依赖于与该线程共享数据的线程的代码。因此,我们将线程的TVF分解为两个互补的部分:本地和远程。前者捕获目标线程代码引发的TVF,后者表示与目标线程交互的线程的漏洞影响。我们使用一组四个多线程应用程序来量化三个体系结构组件(寄存器文件、alu和缓存)的本地和远程TVF值。我们的实验评估表明,随着内核数量的增加,TVF值趋于增加,这意味着随着内核数量的增加,系统变得更加脆弱。我们还讨论了如何将TVF值和执行周期一起用于在源代码级别探索多核中的性能可靠性权衡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Quantifying Thread Vulnerability for Multicore Architectures
Continuously reducing transistor sizes and aggressive low power operating modes employed by modern architectures tend to increase transient error rates. Concurrently, multicore machines are dominating the architectural spectrum in various application domains. These two trends require a fresh look at resiliency of multithreaded applications against transient errors from a software perspective. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new metric called the Thread Vulnerability Factor (TVF). A distinguishing characteristic of TVF is that its calculation for a given thread (which is typically one of the threads of a multithreaded application) does not depend on its code alone, but also on the codes of the threads that share data with that thread. As a result, we decompose TVF of a thread into two complementary parts: local and remote. While the former captures the TVF induced by the code of the target thread, the latter represents the vulnerability impact of the threads that interact with the target thread. We quantify the local and remote TVF values for three architectural components (register file, ALUs, and caches) using a set of four multithreaded applications. Our experimental evaluation shows that TVF values tend to increase as the number of cores increases which means the system becomes more vulnerable as the core count rises. We also discuss how TVF values and execution cycles together can be used to explore performance-reliability tradeoffs in multicores at a source code level.
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