Überblick und Handlungsleitfaden bei visuellen Störungen im Zusammenhang mit Kiefer- und Haltungsstörungen

Purpose. The human system consists of various subsystems. These are anatomically and functionally connected and form a structural unit. As a result, disorders in one subsystem can also affect other subsystems and the human system as a whole. Material and Methods. Using literature review and practi- cal experience, an overview of visual disorders associated with jaw and posture disorders is presented. These are visual acuity differences, spherical and astigmatic anisometropia, and binocular disorders. Visual disorders may be primary or secondary. Therefore, to determine visual asymmetry, testing for visual acuity and ametropias, as well as for sym- metric eye movement, convergence, and binocular function are useful. Results. Visual disorders with jaw and postural disorders can be transmitted by disorders of the nerve pathways (afferent as well as efferent disorders), muscles and skeleton. Therefore, an interdisciplinary assessment/diagnosis and selection of care and appropriate management is important. Conclusion. Optometrists must recognize visual disorders as- sociated with postural disorders in order to provide thorough history and treatment. Keywords symmetry, asymmetry, jaw disorders, postural disorders, binocular disorders