企业家精神作为资本主义辩证法:熊彼特的观点

Pichler Jh
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摘要

当熊彼特富有远见的《经济发展理论》(1912)问世时,在试图描绘背景和科学“环境”的过程中,古典主义和新古典主义思想以及马克思的《资本论》已经暴露在学术界的学术审查之下一段时间了。无论是在古典-新古典主义还是马克思主义的愿景中,企业家都没有明确的地位。这是熊彼特对资本主义过程的真正开创性的解释,其中企业家作为“先驱”和辩证法意义上的驱动力占据了中心舞台,实际上,作为市场体系的“对立面”,某种程度上是一个恶棍。事实上,这是一个不断努力超越限制性竞争的因素,在给定的市场条件下“欺骗”,从而永远挑战“系统”本身;或者更尖锐地说:在任何可能的时间和地点成为或成为垄断者。当将其与现代企业家精神联系起来时,它在区域和全球的关键作用,或者更具体地说,在结构和发展背景下,熊彼特的愿景,如今比以往任何时候都更能在动态变化的时代为任何以企业家精神为导向的政策制定提供指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Entrepreneurship as Capitalist Dialectics A Schumpeterian Vista
In trying to paintbrush background and scientific "environs" when Schumpeter`s visionary "Theory of Economic Development" (1912) came out, classical and neoclassical thought as well as Marx’ "Capital" had been exposed already for some time to scholarly scrutiny by the learned community. In neither classical-neoclassical nor Marxian visions, the entrepreneur explicitly figures. It is Schumpeter`s truly seminal interpretation of the capitalist process, wherein the entrepreneur as such takes centre stage as the "pioneering" and driving force in a dialectic sense as, in fact, sort of a villain, as the "antithesis" to the market system. As indeed an element constantly striving to outmanoeuvre constraining competition, to "trick" given market conditions and, thereby, forever challenging the “system" itself; or more pointedly still: when and wherever possible to be, or to become, a monopolist. When relating this to modern entrepreneurship, its pivotal role in a regional and global or, more specifically so, in a structural as well as developmental context, Schumpeter`s vision, nowadays, more than ever in times of dynamic change may serve as a guide for any entrepreneurially oriented policy formulation.
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