Enhancing a Telemedicine Platform with Global Navigation Satellite System Technology and Clustering Algorithms for Supporting Epidemiological Analysis

Telemedicine platforms have been largely used to manage multiple problems during the Covid-19 pandemic. In fact, they have given the possibility of remotely monitoring infected and high-risk patients, reducing hospitalisations. Telemonitoring systems with Global Navigation Satellite System technology allow to geo-localise all patients' measurements and enable the tracking of positions. These data can be used for contact tracing or to support doctors in epidemiological analysis. This paper presents the integration of satellite technologies in an existing telemedicine system (E@syCare), during the current outbreak. In particular, the platform has been enhanced with GPS, to geo-tag all vital parameters collected by the tablet gateway and the smartwatch. Geographical data are processed, after a request through the improved web-based medical interface based on some filters (e.g., vital parameters and their thresholds, considered period of time, and maximum cluster radius), with two sequential clustering algorithms. Agglomerative Clustering is used to find the optimal number of clusters given a maximum radius, and K-Means to effectively generate the predefined number of clusters. Resulting clusters are shown on an interactive epidemiological map in the web-based medical interface. This additional feature gives the possibility to healthcare authorities to correlate the spread of a disease or a virus with specific geographical areas or environmental conditions, to monitor fitness/movement habits of patients (also when the pandemic is over), and to track contact among patients.