通风结构对室内爆炸引起的超压的影响

V. Gorev, A. Korolchenko
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引用次数: 1

摘要

介绍。本文考虑了在安装了通风结构的开口泄压条件下发生的室内瓦斯爆炸事故。解决这个问题可以保护住宅建筑免受爆炸后果的影响,因为住宅建筑的房屋体积比工业建筑小,并且它在爆炸发展的初始时刻确定了更严格的泄压条件。研究结果表明,在泄压开始前,通风结构在开口内运动时,压力可在小空间内达到临界值。作者的目的是确定从爆炸时刻到达到最大压力值的爆炸载荷发展模式,同时考虑到排气结构的特性和它们的开放模式。这个目标是相关的,因为到目前为止,在这个阶段,压力的发展一直没有考虑到通风结构安装在壁孔中的深度。开口处尺寸的选择是目前研究的重点。应用量纲理论、爆炸过程数值和解析建模、气体逸出模式和刚体运动等方法,得到描述爆炸载荷发展直至最大值的无量纲群。这些无量纲组可以识别具有不同体积的房间的爆炸载荷,这也是一个新的结果。在这项工作中,个别因素对最终结果的影响已经确定。这些因素是房间体积、通风结构开始移动时的压力、通风结构在洞口的质量和位置、洞口周长和爆炸燃烧速率。在这项工作中获得的结果可以确定爆炸生长阶段的动载荷。该值可用于设置更可靠的结构承载特性,以应对居住场所意外爆炸的情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effect of venting structures on overpressure caused by an indoor explosion
Introduction. The article considers an accidental indoor gas explosion on condition of pressure relief through openings in which venting structures were installed.A solution to this problem can protect residential buildings from consequences of explosions due to the fact that the volume of premises in residential buildings is small compared to industrial buildings, and it determines more stringent pressure relief conditions at the initial moment of the explosion development. The article shows that pressure can reach critical values in a small space during the motion of a venting structure in the opening before the onset of pressure relief.Goals. The authors aim to identify the pattern of blast load development from the moment of explosion to the attainment of the maximum pressure value with account taken of the properties of venting structures and patterns of their opening. This goal is relevant due to the fact that until now at this stage pressure development has been considered without any account taken of how deeply the venting structure is installed in the wall opening. Much attention was focused on the selection of the opening size.Methods. The methods of the theory of dimensions, numerical and analytical modeling of explosion processes, patterns of gas escape and rigid body motion were applied to obtain dimensionless groups describing the development of an explosive load until maximum values. These dimensionless groups allow identifying explosive loads for rooms having different volumes, which is also a new result.Results. In this work, the influence of individual factors on the ultimate result has been identified. These factors are the room volume, the pressure at which the venting structure starts moving, the mass and position of the venting structure in the opening, the opening perimeter and the rate of explosive combustion.Conclusions. The results, obtained in the course of this work, allow identifying the dynamic load of an explosion at the stage of its growth. This value can be used to set more reliable bearing characteristics of structures for cases of accidental explosions in living accommodations.
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