WLL: wireless local loop-alternative technologies

Wireless local loop (WLL) is the use of radio technology to access the public switched telephone network (PSTN) at a line interface. It replaces the drop cabling of the local telephone service. Advantages over conventional wired local loop may include rapid deployment, economic remote access, and reduced maintenance and installation charges. WLL systems find application in both competitive telecommunications markets, in developing telecommunications markets and in rural and remote markets which could not be economically served by conventional wireline access technologies. This paper gives examples of WLL systems using satellite technology, cellular technology and micro-cellular technology.