Epilogue

In 1913, bystanders attacked suffragists during a parade in Washington, DC. Clearly, tactics developed in Manhattan inspired campaigns elsewhere, but the reception to these strategies differed. This epilogue summarizes the ways in which leaders in New York City claimed a “right to the city” in order to win the vote in New York State and how organizations across the nation appropriated their strategies—sometimes successfully, sometimes unsuccessfully. Victory in New York was as much a political victory as a cultural one, as suffragists reimagined women’s place in the nation’s largest metropolis. At the same time, they failed to completely dismantle gendered notions of propriety or combat gendered violence, reminding that revolutions have limits and claiming a “right to the city” is very different from achieving that right.