A repeater optimization methodology for deep sub-micron, high-performance processors

As process technology scales down to deep sub-micron and the frequency of a high-performance processor increases beyond 300 MHz, coupling induced signal integrity problems become more severe. Ignoring coupling effects can lead to functional failures or speed degradation. As a result, the traditional approach of repeater insertion driven by propagation delay and slew rate optimization becomes inadequate. The authors propose a design methodology to select optimal repeaters for high-performance processors by considering not only the delay and slew rate, but also crosstalk effects. A concurrent decision diagram (CDD) is further suggested to achieve crosstalk constraints with various trade-offs.