Respiratory assessment and care

Respiratory conditions are a common complication for the acutely ill patient. Early recognition of the onset of a respiratory crisis is fundamental to prevent further deterioration of the acutely ill patient. This chapter provides a discussion of the respiratory system and the physiological mechanisms which control respiratory function with a useful overview of common respiratory symptoms. The principles of arterial blood gas analysis, respiratory support mechanisms, and tracheostomy care precedes a discussion of three commonly encountered respiratory disorders; asthma, COPD, and pneumonia, with focus upon nursing and medical support to support patients with these acute illnesses. A large proportion of emergency admissions to acute care wards are due to these diseases and thus a good understanding of the assessment and management of these conditions is essential.