可持续发展国家政策背景下的碳信用和碳补偿

M. Dyba, I. Gernego
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Assessment of prospects for the development of carbon credits and offsets in the context of expanding the range of monetary and fiscal instruments of state regulation of sustainable development. Purpose. To substantiate the essential characteristics of carbon credits and offsets with the aim of providing proposals for the use of foreign experience to create an effective state mechanism designed to stimulate their use for the reconstruction of the economy of Ukraine, namely qualitative recovery, based on maintaining the appropriate level of environmental, social and management components, stimulating the financing of relevant projects and programs. Methods. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: scientific abstraction and epistemological (content) analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies and systematization, system-structural analysis, expert evaluation method, index method and grouping method. Results. 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Carbon credits are a kind of asset, namely, they make it possible to determine the rights to emit carbon gases. Instead, carbon offsets have a “passive” nature, because they are represented by units that confirm the possibility of reducing these emissions. The annual growth of the volume of carbon credits and offsets in the world determines the need to strengthen the system of state regulation of the processes that take place in the market. Accordingly, the world is integrating the tools of monetary and fiscal policy into the system of managing greenhouse gas emissions in various spheres of economy. The recovery of Ukraine's economy requires the implementation of a qualitatively new sustainable development policy. In particular, it is worth applying rather successful experience of stimulating the use of carbon credits and offsets. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍。克服冠状病毒危机使当局有可能将重点重新放在可持续复苏的全球问题上,这些问题与所谓的绿色进程和向低碳经济过渡直接相关。在国际层面,政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)实施了一系列举措,确定了减少包括二氧化碳在内的地球温室气体排放的重要性。值得特别注意的是,有必要实施适当的国家支持战略和先进金融工具的参与,以发展低碳经济的优先事项。问题陈述。在扩大国家可持续发展监管的货币和财政工具范围的背景下,评估碳信用和抵消的发展前景。目的。确定碳信用额度和碳补偿的基本特征,旨在为借鉴国外经验提出建议,建立有效的国家机制,在保持适当水平的环境、社会和管理组成部分的基础上,刺激相关项目和方案的融资,促进乌克兰经济的重建,即质量恢复。方法。采用一般科学方法和特殊科学方法,特别是:科学抽象和认识论(内容)分析、综合、归纳和演绎、类比和系统化、系统结构分析、专家评价法、指标法和分组法。结果。本文考察了可持续发展的现代环境,探讨了在可持续发展道路上推广碳信用和碳补偿的现状和潜力,以及开发相关市场的前景和工具。此外,研究还强调了碳信用市场形成的阶段。重点放在碳信用市场参与者之间互动的可能性上。为了扩大碳信用的实际应用,强调了碳信用与碳补偿的区别。分析了全球碳信用和碳补偿市场的发展趋势。审议了对欧洲碳信用额和抵消额市场产生影响的财政工具,从而有可能评估这些工具的应用方面,特别是对乌克兰经济复苏的应用方面。结论。碳信用额是一种资产,也就是说,它使碳排放权的确定成为可能。相反,碳补偿具有“被动”的性质,因为它们是由确认减少这些排放的可能性的单位表示的。全球碳信用额和碳抵消额的年度增长决定了加强国家对市场过程监管体系的必要性。因此,世界正在将货币和财政政策工具纳入管理各个经济领域温室气体排放的体系。乌克兰经济的复苏需要执行一项质量上新的可持续发展政策。尤其值得借鉴的是刺激使用碳信用额和碳补偿的相当成功的经验。定价体系和财政政策措施(碳排放税额的调控)将对市场的发展起到决定性的作用。这一研究方向值得国内科学家和实践者注意,这将有助于重建和加强国民经济在国际市场上的竞争地位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Carbon credits and offsets in the context of state policy of sustainable development
Introduction. Overcoming the coronavirus crisis made it possible to return the focus of the authorities to global issues of sustainable recovery, which are directly related to the so-called green course and the transition to a low-carbon economy. At the international level, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has implemented a number of initiatives that determine the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the planet, including carbon dioxide (CO2). Worthy of special attention is the fact that it is necessary to implement appropriate strategies of state support and the involvement of progressive financial instruments in order to develop the priorities of the low-carbon economy. Problem Statement. Assessment of prospects for the development of carbon credits and offsets in the context of expanding the range of monetary and fiscal instruments of state regulation of sustainable development. Purpose. To substantiate the essential characteristics of carbon credits and offsets with the aim of providing proposals for the use of foreign experience to create an effective state mechanism designed to stimulate their use for the reconstruction of the economy of Ukraine, namely qualitative recovery, based on maintaining the appropriate level of environmental, social and management components, stimulating the financing of relevant projects and programs. Methods. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: scientific abstraction and epistemological (content) analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies and systematization, system-structural analysis, expert evaluation method, index method and grouping method. Results. The article examines the modern environment of sustainable development, considers the state and the potential of popularizing carbon credits and offsets on the way to sustainable development, prospects and tools for developing the relevant market. In addition, the study emphasizes the stages of formation of the carbon credits market. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of interaction between the participants of the carbon credit market. In view of expanding the practical application of carbon credits, the differences between carbon credits and offsets are emphasized. Forecasts of the development of the global market of carbon credits and offsets were analyzed. Fiscal instruments of influence on the European market of carbon credits and offsets were considered, which made it possible to assess the applied aspects of their application, in particular for the recovery of the economy of Ukraine. Conclusions. Carbon credits are a kind of asset, namely, they make it possible to determine the rights to emit carbon gases. Instead, carbon offsets have a “passive” nature, because they are represented by units that confirm the possibility of reducing these emissions. The annual growth of the volume of carbon credits and offsets in the world determines the need to strengthen the system of state regulation of the processes that take place in the market. Accordingly, the world is integrating the tools of monetary and fiscal policy into the system of managing greenhouse gas emissions in various spheres of economy. The recovery of Ukraine's economy requires the implementation of a qualitatively new sustainable development policy. In particular, it is worth applying rather successful experience of stimulating the use of carbon credits and offsets. The pricing system and fiscal policy measures (regulation of the amount of taxation of carbon emissions) will be of decisive importance for the development of the market. This direction of research is worthy of the attention of domestic scientists and practitioners, which will contribute to the reconstruction and strengthening of the competitive positions of the national economy on international markets.
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