性格问题

Quassim Cassam
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本章着重于作为性格特征的认识上的恶习,特别是思想封闭的认识上的恶习。以色列情报部门未能预料到1973年赎罪日对以色列的突然袭击,这就解释了这种认知缺陷的性质和意义。思想封闭是一种高保真的认知缺陷,也就是说,它需要高度的行为一致性。在许多情况下,它的基础是对关闭的高度需求和对歧义的低容忍度。对认知缺陷的性格描述并没有被情境主义所破坏,但它们确实需要承认结构主义的见解,因为有缺陷的认知行为既可以有结构性的解释,也可以有个人的解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Question of Character
This chapter focuses on epistemic vices that are character traits and, in particular, on the epistemic vice of closed-mindedness. The nature and significance of this epistemic vice is explained by reference of the failure of Israeli intelligence to anticipate the 1973 Yom Kippur surprise attack on Israel. Closed-mindedness is a high-fidelity epistemic vice, that is, one that requires a high degree of behavioural consistency. It is underpinned in many cases by a high need for closure and a low tolerance for ambiguity. Character accounts of epistemic vice are not undermined by situationism but they do need to acknowledge the insights of structuralism since flawed epistemic conduct can have structural as well as personal explanations.
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