膳食中的钼可能会刺激结肠中硫还原细菌的生长,增加人类结肠中硫化氢的水平,以及过量的结肠硫化物可能对健康产生的影响

Grech Brian James
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引用次数: 0

摘要

钼是一种微量矿物质,大多数生命形式都需要少量的钼。在活的有机体中,钼原子存在于依赖钼的酶或钼酶中。钼酸酶催化碳、硫和氮的代谢反应。在人类中只发现了四种molbdo酶。大多数已知的钼酸酶都存在于细菌中。人体膳食中可给予钼,用于治疗Wilson病和钨中毒;它可能对关节炎有用。硫还原菌是将某些硫分子还原为硫化氢的一类细菌。这些细菌可以栖息在哺乳动物胃肠道的厌氧部分,是人类结肠中硫化氢的主要生产者。硫化氢在人类放屁的恶臭中起着重要作用。一些人报告说,在补充钼后,结肠中的恶臭气体增加。这种情况发生的潜在机制目前尚不清楚。可能涉及的细菌可能是硫还原细菌和蛋氨酸异化细菌。在绵羊饲粮中只添加蛋氨酸形式的钼和硫,可促进减硫菌的生长,提高瘤胃硫化物水平。钼酶,硫代硫酸盐还原酶,存在于硫还原细菌中,催化硫代硫酸盐还原为硫化氢。硫代硫酸盐的来源可能是瘤胃上皮细胞解毒甲硫醇,由蛋氨酸异化菌将日粮中的蛋氨酸降解为甲硫醇。因此,钼可能激活了这些动物瘤胃中硫还原菌的硫代硫酸盐还原酶。人类的结肠也可以容纳硫还原细菌,饮食中的钼和蛋氨酸可以到达这个器官。因此,在某些个体中,饮食中的钼可能会刺激硫还原菌的生长。人类结肠中的硫化物可能对健康有有益和有害的影响。这些作用可能包括已经提到的臭气,在肠道生态失调中稳定微生物-粘膜界面,治疗高血压和促进溃疡性结肠炎的炎症。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dietary molybdenum may stimulate the growth of colonic sulfur reducing bacteria, increasing hydrogen sulfide levels in the human colon and the possible health effects of an excess of colonic sulfides
Molybdenum is a trace mineral needed in small quantities by most life forms. In living organisms, a molybdenum atom is found within molybdenum-dependent enzymes or molybdoenzymes. Molybdoenzymes catalyze reactions in carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism. Only four molbdoenzymes have been identified in humans. Most of the known molybdoenzymes are found in bacteria. Dietary molybdenum can be administrated to humans, to treat Wilson disease and tungsten poisoning; and it may be useful in arthritis. Sulfur-reducing bacteria are the bacterial group that reduces certain sulfur molecules to hydrogen sulfide. These bacteria can inhabit anaerobic parts of the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and are the predominant producer of hydrogen sulfide in the human colon. Hydrogen sulfide plays a major role in the malodor of human flatus. Some individuals have reported an increase in foul odoriferous gases from the colon after molybdenum supplementation. The underlying mechanism as to how this occurs is currently not known. Possible bacteria that are involved could be sulfur-reducing bacteria and methionine dissimilating bacteria. Supplementing sheep with molybdenum and with sulfur exclusively in the form of methionine can stimulate the growth of sulfur-reducing bacteria and increase the level of sulfides in the rumen. The molybdoenzyme, thiosulfate reductase, is found in sulfur-reducing bacteria and catalyzes the reduction of thiosulfate to hydrogen sulfide. The source of thiosulfate could be from ruminal epithelial cells detoxifying methanethiol, produced by methionine dissimilating bacteria, degrading the dietary methionine to methanethiol. Therefore, the molybdenum could be activating thiosulfate reductases of sulfur-reducing bacteria in the rumen of these animals. The human colon can also harbor sulfur-reducing bacteria, and dietary molybdenum and methionine can reach this organ. Therefore, dietary molybdenum may be stimulating the growth of sulfur-reducing bacteria in some individuals. Sulfides in the human colon could have beneficial and detrimental effects on health. Such effects could include the already mentioned malodor of flatus, the stabilizing of the microbiome-mucosa interface in an intestinal dysbiosis, the treatment of hypertension and the promotion of inflammation in ulcerative colitis.
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