Frequency-based power management for PV/battery/ fuel cell stand-alone microgrid

Based on microgrid frequency, a new photovoltaic (PV)/ battery (BA)/ fuel cell (FC) hybrid energy management strategy with modified droop control for islanded application is proposed in this paper. This strategy enables the plug and play capability in the distributed units with voltage control mode and makes it possible to avoid using the communication line or a central supervisor. The system frequency working as the agent provides the units with the opportunities to adaptively maintain generation/load balance according to different situations with only local information. Simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed strategy.