重新审视冯·诺伊曼的偏见硬币

L. Bienvenu, B. Monin
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引用次数: 11

摘要

假设你想生成一个0和1的随机序列,而你所拥有的只是一枚硬币,你怀疑它有偏差(但不知道偏差)。这种硬币能产生“完美”的随机性吗?答案是肯定的,这要感谢冯·诺伊曼发现的一个小技巧。在本文中,我们研究了这个问题的一个推广:如果我们有一个根据某一类测度的某个概率测度产生的比特源,并且假设我们知道该类但不知道测度(在上面的例子中,该类将是所有伯努利测度的类),可以产生完全随机性吗?我们将从有效数学,特别是有效随机性理论的角度来看待这个问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Von Neumann's Biased Coin Revisited
Suppose you want to generate a random sequence of zeros and ones and all you have at your disposal is a coin which you suspect to be biased (but do not know the bias). Can "perfect" randomness be produced with this coin? The answer is positive, thanks to a little trick discovered by von Neumann. In this paper, we investigate a generalization of this question: if we have access to a source of bits produced according to some probability measure in some class of measures, and suppose we know the class but not the measure (in the above example, the class would be the class of all Bernoulli measures), can perfect randomness be produced? We will look at this question from the viewpoint of effective mathematics and in particular the theory of effective randomness.
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