ECONOMIC FREEDOM OF PERSON IN UKRAINE: THE PAST AND THE MODERNITY

INTRODUCTION The problem of individual freedom was considered by representatives of different scientific schools and fields. The initial concept was the concept of personality. Representatives of the socio-genetic direction (E. Thorndike, B. Skinner, U. Dollard, K. Levin, and others) tried to explain the personality traits based on the structure of society, ways of socialization, and relationships with others. Representatives of the biogenetic approach on the basis of the development of personality and the formation of types of its behavior are biological processes of maturation of the body. S. Hall, for example, believed that the development of personality in a collapsed form repeats the stages of development of society. Another representative of the biogenetic approach E. Kretchmer deduced personality types and their behavior from the peculiarities of the structure of the human body. Particularly striking is the principle of biological represented in the concept of personality, developed by S. Freud, who believed that all the behavior of the individual due to the physiological, unconscious traits of man. In the middle of the last century, the concept of cognitive orientation was particularly popular, whose representatives (J. Piaget, D. Kelly, and others) preferred to develop the intellectual-cognitive sphere of the personality psyche. Another direction in the psychogenetic approach was represented by representatives of personal orientation (E. Spranger, A. Maslow, etc.). Their attention was focused on the development of the individual as a whole, on which, in their opinion, their behavior, including deviant, depends 1 . The problem of freedom was considered in numerous works of Western European philosophers of the XIX – XX centuries: J.-P. Sartre, E. Fromm, M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, Z. Freud, A. Schopenhauer, I. Berlin, O. Velmar, F. Nietzsche and others. Among domestic researchers I. Bychko, K. Novikov, L. Nikolaev, B. Hrushin, V. Parkin, V. Andrushchenko, M. Mikhalchenko, S. Krymsky, and others. It should be noted that some attention was paid to the problem of personality formation, its behavior in the social philosophy and psychology of the so-called