老年病患發生譫妄症的診斷與處置

譫妄症是急性腦功能受損的一種表現,同時譫妄症也是一種以意識障礙為主的 急性症狀;發生譫妄症之後往往會造成龐大的醫療花費(例如延長住院天數),且 臨床上容易被忽略,造成老年疾病的預後不佳,更可能進一步造成病患的死亡,是 病患安全重要指標;基於其病因的多重因子特性,且與其他老年病症候群(如:跌 倒、失禁)的高度聯結性,因此在處置上也需要多方向並進的治療,針對譫妄症的 完善處理,可明顯改善病患預後,並增進醫療的品質。本文為敘述性文獻回顧,以 老年症候群及急性譫妄症處置為關鍵字,藉由文獻搜尋並整理譫妄症的診斷與處 置,期望可作為醫療人員遭遇病患時不只使用約束帶或藥物,可以有更周全的評估 與治療。  Delirium is a manifestation of acute impaired brain function. At the same time, delirium is also an acute sign/symptom dominated by disturbances in consciousness. The occurrence of delirium often causes huge medical expenses (ex: prolonged hospitalization days) and often results in poor prognoses for senile diseases. It is more likely to cause further death of patients, which is an important indicator of patient safety, based on its multifactorial etiology and high connectivity with other senile diseases (such as falls, incontinence, etc.). It is also necessary for patients to receive multi-directional treatment that can signifi- cantly improve the prognoses of patients and improve the quality of medication. This article is a narrative literature review with geriatric syndrome and acute delirium management as the keywords. Through a literature survey and sorting out the diagnosis and treatment of delirium, it is hoped that medical staff can not only use restraint bands or sedative drugs when encountering patients, but also provide comprehensive assessment, evaluation and treatment.