Evolutionary discovering of the concept of the discrete state at the transistor level

This paper shows that the evolutionary approach can discover the concept of the discrete state in a physical hardware which can be reconfigured at the transistor level. Evolution is able to recognize that the required output values are not pure combinations of the input values and to build internal structures to store the state. In particular, the reset-set circuit and the D-latch circuit are investigated using the field programmable transistor array FPTA-2.