心内膜炎

J. Harrison, J. Klein, W. Littler, B. Prendergast
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引用次数: 0

摘要

心内膜炎主要影响主动脉瓣和二尖瓣;三尖瓣受累约占病例的五分之一,而肺瓣受累则很少见。在发展中国家,风湿性心脏病是最常见的诱发因素。在发达国家,心内膜炎在患有先天性瓣膜疾病的老年人以及使用人工瓣膜和心脏内装置(起搏器和除颤器)的患者中更为常见。在这些国家,高达50%的病例没有易感的心脏病变,更多的病例与静脉药物滥用和侵入性手术相关的医院感染有关。尽管抗菌治疗和手术取得了进展,但死亡率仍然很高(30%),至少50%的病例需要进行瓣膜手术。早期诊断、专业管理和及时干预是取得成功的关键。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Endocarditis
Endocarditis predominantly affects the aortic and mitral valves; involvement of the tricuspid valve occurs in approximately one-fifth of cases and pulmonary valve involvement is rare. In the developing world rheumatic heart disease is the most common predisposing factor. In developed countries endocarditis is more common in older people with native valve disease and in patients with prosthetic valves and intracardiac devices (pacemakers and defibrillators). In these countries up to 50% of cases have no predisposing cardiac lesion and more cases are related to intravenous drug abuse and nosocomial infection related to invasive procedures. Mortality remains high (30%) despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and surgery, and at least 50% of cases require valve surgery. Early diagnosis, specialist management, and timely intervention are key to successful outcome.
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