Electric Vehicles Interactions for Efficient Energy Performance within Smart Grid

Electric Vehicles (EVs) evolution brought a revolutionary change in the domain of electric transformation. The development of EVs is growing day-by-day. The rapid growth in EV technology is diverting consumers from normal cars to electric vehicles. EV has become the need of the modern era. Fossil fuel reserves are depleting which results in inflation of fuel prices. The solution to this problem is to develop new technologies that are independent of fossil fuels. EVs are the answer to the massive increase in oil prices. Therefore, this paper presents two interactive modes of EVs, namely: (a) Grid- to-Vehicle (G2V) and (b) Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operational modes. Moreover, interactions of V2G and G2V are discussed with respect to SG dynamics and control. Finally, a case study of EVs operating in Wide Area Smart Grid System (WASGS) is presented in the context of (a) wide area system stability, (b) voltage control, and (c) active and reactive power management. The computer-based simulation of EVs is evaluated in three areas of the WASGS with distributed parking stations.