Estimation of Land Surface Temperature using Landsat Data: a Case Study of Agra City, India

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator for the study of climate change, urban environment, heat balance studies, hydrological and agricultural process, and urban land use and land cover as well as user input for climate models. Landsat data is utilized for the number of applications such as environment study, digester and resource management. Land surface temperate is estimated by the help of ArcGIS through Landsat 8 and 5 satellites images. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) thresholds method was used for land surface emissivity (LSE) estimation; NDVI is calculated by near infrared (NIR) and red spectral bands in its formula. NDVI = (NIR-RED)/(NIR-RED). The thermal infrared band is the source of LSE in this study area. The aim of this study is to calculate the LST and NDVI of Agra city, India, and to accomplish this task, ArcGIS Raster calculator is utilized. The empirical determine value of NDVI, LSE, and LST with appropriate accuracy help to achieve the aim of this study. In the last drive out the temperature variance in different land use and land cover area of Agra city, India. Keywords: ArcGIS, Landsat satellite images, land surface emissivity, land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, raster calculator, Landsat 8