Genitourinary problems

This chapter outlines the various problems that patients with palliative care needs may experience with the genitourinary system. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the bladder, and then details the common disturbances a patient may experience, including bladder, pelvic, and renal pain; problems with urination, catheterization, etc. It discusses the negative psychological effects on the patient, and how to manage distressing symptoms whilst maintaining patient-centred care. Patients with palliative care needs may suffer a variety of symptoms attributable to dysfunction of the urinary system. Disturbance of the genitourinary system can result not only to debilitating symptoms but also loss of confidence, embarrassment, and psychological distress. It is important to understand the basic anatomy and physiology to aid in the management of what can be a distressing range of symptoms.