评估欧盟价值链材料供应弹性的新方法:电动汽车锂离子电池用锂的案例

D. Blagoeva, A. Marmier, Patricia Alves Dias, Claudiu C Pavel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

欧盟最近实施的减少温室气体排放的政策措施,加上大量采用低碳技术,被认为推动了对某些材料的需求不断增长。其中一些材料主要是在欧盟以外生产的,在不同的研究中被标记为关键。本文提出了一种新的综合方法来确定欧盟对主要低碳技术中使用的材料供应的弹性。它通过采用与上游和下游生产阶段相关的特定指标来评估整个材料价值链的供应安全。一个案例研究,即锂在电动汽车可充电电池的背景下,证明了该方法的适用性。虽然电动汽车电池锂可用性的整体问题是已知的,但基于最新技术/市场发展的欧盟层面的综合分析却无法获得。本文表明,除非在欧盟层面采取具体的缓解措施,否则到2030年,欧盟对电动汽车推广的适应能力将会下降。这些措施包括回收废旧锂离子电池,增加欧盟原锂、加工材料和电池/电池的产量,以及使第三国的锂和/或电池/电池供应多样化。关键词:原材料,弹性,临界,锂,电池,电动汽车,供应链
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A new methodology to assess the EU resilience to materials supply along the value chain: case of lithium for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles
Implementation of recent EU policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in combination with a large adoption of low-carbon technologies is acknowledged to drive an increasing demand for certain materials. Some of these materials are largely produced outside the EU and are flagged as critical in different studies. This paper presents a new and comprehensive methodology to determine the EU resilience to supply of materials used in major low-carbon technologies. It assesses the security of supply across the materials value chain by adopting specific indicators related to upstream and downstream production stages. A case study, i.e. lithium in the context of rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles, demonstrates the applicability of the methodology. While the overall issue of lithium availability for electric vehicle batteries is known, an integrated analysis at EU level based on the latest technological/market developments is however not available. This paper reveals that the EU resilience to the roll-out of EV will decrease by 2030 unless specific mitigation measures are undertaken at EU level. Such measures include recycling of waste Li-ion batteries, increasing the production of raw lithium, processed materials and cells/batteries in the EU as well as diversification of the supply of lithium and/or cells/batteries from third countries. Keywords: raw material, resilience, criticality, lithium, battery, electric vehicle, supply chain
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