生物质热解和气化过程的建模和模拟

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摘要

多年来,石油衍生物、天然煤和天然气由于其潜在的热量和在地球上的巨大可用性,一直被用作主要的能源供应。然而,这些原料的利用造成温室效应,助长了全球变暖,引起了对这一问题的普遍关注,并导致制定紧急措施来克服这些问题。因此,制定了指导方针和公共政策,以保证减少排放并增加能源系统生产中可再生能源的比例,即使用从秸秆、秸秆、谷壳和贝壳等废弃生物质中生产的生物燃料。热化学过程可以通过高温处理将生物质资源转化为具有高热值的能源和/或燃料。它包括燃烧、热解和气化,根据需要可以一起使用或分开使用。气化的产物是合成气,主要由氢气和一氧化碳组成,可用于生产电能。在此过程中,许多参数如温度、压力、气化剂、生物质组成、气化炉配置等都会影响气体的最终组成。证明合成气生产的可行性的一个挑战是试图知道转化率及其组成,以评估该过程的效率。模拟软件有助于完成这项任务,使真实的过程更接近虚拟的过程。通过UniSim Design软件,这项工作的主要目标是创建和实现一个混合模型(动力学和平衡方法),能够预测木质纤维素生物质气化产品的下吸和上升吸气化炉,使用不同的来源,如橄榄和玉米农业废弃物,以及葡萄甘蔗渣从葡萄酒培养。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF BIOMASS PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESSES
For many years, oil derivatives, natural coal, and natural gas were used and still are, as primary energy supply due to their calorific potential, and their great availability on the planet. However, the utilization of these feedstocks causes greenhouse effects and helped in global warming, creating a general concern about this issue, and leading to the creation of urgent measures to overcome these problems. Hence, guidelines and public policies were granted to guarantee the reduction of emissions and increase the portion of renewable sources in the energy system production, namely the use of biofuels produced from waste biomass such as straw, stover, husks, and shells. Thermochemical processes can convert biomass sources into energy and/or fuels with a high heating value through high-temperature treatments. It comprises combustion, pyrolysis and gasification, which can be employed together or separated, depending on the need. The product of gasification is Synthesis Gas, comprehended mainly by hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide, which can be used posteriorly to produce electric energy. In this process, many parameters as temperature, pressure, gasifying agent, biomass composition, gasifier configuration, etc, influence the final composition of the gas. A challenge to show the feasibility of Syngas production is trying to know the conversion yields and its composition to evaluate the efficiency of the process. Simulating Software helps in this task, bringing real processes closer to virtual ones. Through UniSim Design software, this work main objective is the creation and implementation of a hybrid model (Kinetic and Equilibrium approaches) able to predict the lignocellulosic biomass gasification products for Downdraft and Updraft gasifiers, using different sources such as olive and corn agricultural wastes, and grape bagasse residue from wine culture.
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