EL-SEP: Improved L-SEP by adding Single-hop layer

Wireless sensor nodes have limited energy, so it is important to optimize energy consumption to preserve network lifetime. Various protocols have been proposed for this purpose. LEACH protocol and SEP are the representative protocols. These protocols become less effective as the Sensor Field becomes wider. To improve this, MR-SEP and L-SEP were proposed. These protocols increase the energy efficiency by dividing the Sensor Field into layers and reducing the transmission distance. However, when dividing a layer, there are cases where it is divided inefficiently, and a node within a certain range from a Base Station has a better transmission efficiency than a direct transmission method using a cluster method. In this paper, we propose a Single-hop layer for L-SEP to improve inefficient layer division and near node transmission efficiency. When the larger the Sensor Field, the better the performance of the proposed method by up to 87%. The larger the sensor field, the more efficient the proposed method is over the conventional method. That is, the proposed method is suitable for the wide Sensor Field.