1996年后的底层移民

S. Coutin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本章展示了从中美洲移民到美国的儿童是如何面临成为下层阶级的风险的,这是一组生活机会受到法律地位严重限制的人。那些在16岁之前移民到美国的儿童,可能会经历一些不利的情况,包括在原籍国的暴力、长期的家庭分离、未经授权移民的挑战、在美国没有证件、缺乏工作许可、追求高等教育的挑战、贫困、种族主义、被驱逐的威胁、没有机会永久合法化、以及法律和社会归属感之间的深刻脱节。这一章描绘了年轻人在法律体系中的矛盾结果。虽然地方、州和联邦的措施为无证学生提供了一些法律保护和教育福利,但这些补救措施仍然有限,驱逐出境的威胁或现实迫在眉睫。本章详细介绍了将年轻移民置于底层的结构性障碍,将他们限制在法律上不存在的空间,迫使他们逗留而不是离开移民控制系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Post-1996 Immigrant Underclass
This chapter shows how children who immigrate to the United States from Central America are at risk of becoming an underclass, a set of individuals whose life opportunities are powerfully constrained by legal status. Child arrivals, as those who immigrate to the United States before turning 16 have come to be known, may experience a number of adverse circumstances, including violence in their country of origin, lengthy family separations, the challenges of immigrating without authorization, being undocumented in the United States, a lack of work authorization, challenges pursuing higher education, poverty, racism, the threat of removal, no opportunity to permanently regularize, and a deep disjuncture between legal and social experiences of belonging. This chapter charts the contradictory outcomes as young people move through legal systems. Although local, state and federal measures have provided undocumented students with some legal protections and educational benefits, these remedies remain limited and the threat or the actuality of deportation looms large. This chapter details the structural obstacles that place young immigrants in an underclass, confining them to spaces of legal nonexistence and forcing them to linger rather than move out of systems of immigration control.
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