THE STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING LANDSCAPES IN CENTRAL EUROPE

Structurality is one of the important peculiarities of landscapes of different genesis and levels of organization. The structure of the landscape determines its physiognomic organization, shape, spatial and structural features. Garden and park landscapes are examples of constructive territory planning, cultural or «soft» use of natural conditions and resources, organization of supplementary interaction between man and nature. Therefore, the study of the structure of garden and  park landscapes of Central Europe is an actual scientific problem. The aim of the article: to research the structure of garden and park landscapes of Central  Europe. Studies  of  the structure  of  garden  and park landscapes of Central Europe have been based on the principle of natural-anthropogenic coexistence. General scientific and  specific  scientific  research  methods  have  been  used,  namely:  on the basis of expeditionary methods maps of the landscape structure of garden and park landscapes of the study area have been constructed. Spatial structure models have been built in the Corel Draw program based on the digitized surface of the planet Earth in the Google  Earth program,  vertical profiles of the relief  of  garden  and park  landscapes  have been done  with  the  help  of  Google Earth Pro tools. Studies of the daily state of garden and park landscapes have been carried out according to the  generally  accepted  method of  performing microclimatic  observations. The  article  presents maps of the landscape structure and spatial  configurations of  the following garden  and park landscapes:  Pechersky  Park  (Pechera village,  Tulchynsky  District,  Vinnytsia Oblast,  Ukraine), Sokilets  Park  (Sokilets  Village,  Vinnytsia District,  Vinnytsia  Oblast,  Ukraine),  park  Arcadia (Nieborow, Lod Voivodeship, Poland). Vertical relief profiles have been constructed. The temporal structure of changes in the state of garden and park  landscapes  in  the  research  area  have  been studied using the example of the garden and park landscape of  the  Sofiivka National  Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Uman, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine).