Investigation of Morphological Variations of Canal and Root of First Mandibular Molar in Tomographic Images Computer with Cone Beam in Patients of Arak City

Introduction: Being the first teeth to erupt, first molars have the most complex root system and canal morphology and are among the most susceptible teeth to decay and destruction. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of morphological variations of the canal and root of the mandibular first molar in cbct images so that appropriate treatment can be performed with a better understanding of the anatomy of the root and canal of the molar tooth.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the morphological variation of the mandibular first molar canal and root was investigated in 170 cbct radiology image samples. In this study, the age and gender of the individual, the number of roots and canals of the mandibular first molar, the morphology of the canal in each root, the presence of the midmesial canal and the presence of the distolingual root were also investigated. In the end, frequency and percentage indicators were used to analyze data and chi-square test was used to compare frequencies.Results: The average age of the subjects studied was 39.2 years. The subjects included 86 women and 84 men. The most seen sample was a molar tooth with two roots and three canals. In terms of canal morphology in the mesial root, the most common canal morphology was type 4 and then type 2. In terms of canal morphology in the distal root, the most common canal morphology was type 1. In the studied samples, midmesial canal was not found in 99.4% of cases and distolingual root was not found in 94.7% of cases.Conclusion: Two-rooted and three-channel molar without midmesial canal and without distolingual root was the most common case found in this study. The most common canal morphology in the mesial root was type 4 and the most common canal morphology in the distal root was type 1.