Effect of exercise on regulation of adipokine and sedentary lifestyle diseases: A narrative review

Currently, a large number of the global population are physically inactive or engaged in insufficient physical activity. A sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity disturb normal human body functions such as metabolic activity, insulin, immune response, adipokine functions, and vascular and endothelial functions. A sedentary lifestyle is the leading cause of insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate the effect of exercise on the regulation of adipokine and sedentary lifestyle diseases. A total of 1218 articles were reviewed. Articles were searched by various databases such as Pubmed, Chinhal, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria for including the articles: abstract, free full-text, and full-text articles and books were searched from January 01, 2004 to March 01, 2022. For this review, randomized control trial study, narrative and systematic review published in the English language were included. This review indicated that regular exercise either aerobic or resistance are improved the circulatory levels of various adipokines. Aerobic exercise for 1 week helps to improve the anti-inflammatory adipokine leptin and adiponectin and diminished the pro-inflammatory adipokine visfatin and resistin. Regular exercise along with dietary restrictions may play a significant role to reduce sedentary lifestyle diseases. Acute and chronic exercise may be an effective therapy to reduce the risk factors for chronic disease and its complications. Combined aerobic and resistance training are more effective to regulate adipokine.