Combined optimization, modeling and simulation techniques for non-traditional, next generation optics

As optical systems become smaller and requirements for packaging and functional performance demand more unique solutions to traditional imaging problems, the opportunity for exploration and advancement in simulation and design of non-traditional systems has grown considerably. For example, multi-layer diffractive elements and metalenses play a part in this new world of tiny optical systems, and in this paper we will explore some example system designs showing hybrid approaches from both traditional imaging and diffractive optical design, combined with more rigorous vector electromagnetic wave propagation. We will show combinations of phase optimization and subsequent nano-cell creation in full vector tools, as well as unique propagation of the electromagnetic field in combination from a rigorous model and a simplified beamlet-based decomposition approach. These tools can play a significant role in the design, optimization and analysis of these unique systems both now and in the future.